ABSTRACT
Affected by the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), telecommuting, a new type of office, has developed rapidly in a short period of time and has been widely used in society, and the resulting security problems of telecommuting systems have become more and more urgent and prominent. At present, the research on the security of telecommuting systems is still in its infancy, and the research results are not enough to completely solve the security problems in the development of telecommuting systems. In order to systematically understand the current research progress researchers, this paper summarizes the security problems of telecommuting systems for the first time, and writes this review. This paper first reviews the development process of the telecommuting system, points out the unique security requirements and problems of the telecommuting system in different application scenarios, and then divides the telecommuting system into virtual private network (VPN), remote desktop control and teamwork platform, according to the technical architecture of the telecommuting system. Based on nearly 5 years of research on telecommuting papers published in the EI Database, Web of Science database and CCF recommended international conference on network and information security, as well as other related high-level research work, this paper systematically analyzes and summarizes the security problems existing in the above three types of telecommuting systems, especially focusing on the security problems of teamwork platforms, a new type of telecommuting. According to the architecture and function of the teamwork platform and the attack methods commonly used by attackers, the security risk of teamwork platforms are divided into five categories: third-party APP security, communication protocol security, client security, cloud server security, and side channel analysis. Finally, the challenges and opportunities faced by the telecommuting system security research institute are pointed out, and the direction for the future research of telecommuting system security is pointed out. © 2022 Chinese Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background: Since April 2020, the number of newly diagnosed cases and death cases of COVID-19 have decreased significantly in China but increased rapidly abroad.Early diagnosis and treatment are of great concern to improving the prognosis of COVID-19 patients.Objective: To investigate the clinical features and prognostic risk factors of adult patients with COVID-19, offering a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.Methods: A retrospective design was used.Participants were 93 adult cases of COVID-19 who were treated in Beijing Youan Hospital between January and February 2020.They were categorized into common, severe and critical types by the most serious conditions during hospitalization, in accordance with the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for COVID-19(Trial Version 7)issued by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China.Indications such as general information, major clinical manifestations, baseline laboratory parameters, APACHE II and SOFA scores within 24 hours of admission, imaging findings, comorbidities and complications, treatments and outcomes were collected.Results: There were 57 cases of common type(61.3%), 22 of severe type(23.7%)and 14 of critical type(15.0%).The male ratio was slighter higher in critical group, and female ratio was slighter higher in other groups, but sex composition showed no significant differences across the groups(P>0.05).The median age for common, severe and critical groups was 45.0, 62.0 and 81.0 years, respectively, showing significant differences(P<0.05).And the proportion of patients older than 60 years differed across common, severe and critical groups(15.8% vs 54.5% vs 92.9%)(P<0.05).Compared with common and severe groups, the rate of positive-to negative inversion of SARS-CoV-2 viral load detected by nucleic acid test was decreased, the duration of viral shedding was prolonged, and the interval from onset to dyspnea was shortened, markedly in critical group(P<0.05).Fever and cough were the most common clinical manifestations whose overall incidences were 88.2% and 87.1%, respectively, showing no significant difference among the groups(P>0.05).Dyspnea occurred in all severe or critical cases, showing a higher incidence than common cases(100.0% vs 31.6%)(P<0.05).The incidence of lymphocytopenia in critical group was 100%, which was significantly higher than that in common group(49.1%)or severe group(59.1%)(P<0.05).Acute liver injury was the most common complication(58.1%)in all cases, but its incidence was obviously increased in severe group (77.3%) or critical group(92.9%), than that of common group(42.1%)(P<0.05).Chinese medicine therapy was used in 75.3% of all cases, but the severe cases had a higher rate of treating with Chinese medicine than critical cases(90.9% vs 50.0%, P<0.05).The rate of corticosteroid use in severe cases(63.6%)or critical cases(64.3%)was significantly increased than that of common cases(5.3%)(P<0.05).Six patients(6.5%)were treated with invasive ventilation, but only 1 of them(16.7%)was successfully extubated ultimately.Nine patients(9.7%)died in hospital due to all causes.Logistic regression analysis revealed that age ≥74 years〔OR(95%CI)=33.714(3.021, 376.211), P=0.004〕and baseline SOFA≥2.5〔OR(95%CI)=15.447(1.331, 179.260), P=0.029〕were independent risk factors for in-hospital death. Conclusion: COVID-19 mainly manifests as respiratory infections. Severe patients are apt to appear tissue injury and dysfunction of organs like liver, kidney and heart, etc. The majority of patients have a favorable outcome. Age and baseline SOFA score would help to label the prognosis of patients at an early stage. Copyright © 2021 by the Chinese General Practice.